Linux/Unix Cheat Sheet
Revathy Manulal in
Tuesday Dec 13, 4 mins 33 secs read
Tuesday Dec 13, 4 mins 33 secs read
Geek ahh! This is what every engineer call himself in current technology world.
If not! You are going to become tech geek after reading this blog.
Linux/Unix is one of the most widely used operating systems in the World. And yet to gain a large share of desktop usage, it powers the overwhelming majority of web servers. Here we are covering the Linux cheat sheets for everything from command line tasks to keyboard shortcuts.
Directory operations:
pwd Show current directory
mkdir Make directory dir
cd dir Change directory to dir
cd .. Go up a directory
ls List files
Bash/System:
uname -a Show system and kernel
uname -r Display kernel release information
uptime Show how long the system has been running + load
hostname Show system host name
hostname Display the IP address of the host
last reboot Show system reboot history
cal Show this month calendar
w Display who is online
finger user Display information about user
head -n1 /etc/issue Show distribution
mount Show mounted filesystems
Ddate Show system date
Uptime Show uptime
whoami Show your username
man command Show manual for command
Bash Shortcuts:
CTRL-c Stop current command
CTRL-z Sleep program
CTRL-a Go to start of line
CTRL-e Go to end of line
CTRL-u Cut from start of line
CTRL-k Cut to end of line
CTRL-r Search history
!! Repeat last command
!abc Run last command starting with abc
!abc:p Print last command starting with abc
!$ Last argument of previous command
ALT-. Last argument of previous command
!* All arguments of previous command
^abc^123 Run previous command, replacing abc with 123
ls Options:
-a Show all (including hidden)
-R Recursive list
-r Reverse order
-t Sort by last modified
-S Sort by file size
-l Long listing format
-1 One file per line
-m Comma-separated output
-Q Quoted output
Bash Variables:
env Show environment variables
echo $NAME Output value of $NAME variable
export NAME=value Set $NAME to value
$PATH Executable search path
$HOME Home directory
$SHELL Current shell
Disk uses
df –h Show free space on mounted filesystems
df -i Show free inodes on mounted filesystems
fdisk -l Show disks partitions sizes and types
du -ah Display disk usage in human readable form
du -sh Display total disk usage on the current directory
findmnt Displays target mount point for all filesystem
mount device-path mount-point Mount a device
Nano Shortcuts:
Files
Ctrl-R Read file
Ctrl-O Save file
Ctrl-X Close file
Cut and Paste
ALT-A Start marking text
CTRL-K Cut marked text or line
CTRL-U Paste text
Navigate File
ALT-/ End of file
CTRL-A Beginning of line
CTRL-E End of line
CTRL-C Show line number
CTRL-_ Go to line number
Search File
CTRL-W Find
ALT-W Find next
CTRL-\ Search and replace
Search Files:
grep pattern filesgrep pattern files Search for pattern in files
grep -i Case insensitive search
grep -r Recursive search
grep -v Inverted search
grep -o Show matched part of file only
find /dir/ -name name* Find files starting with name in dir
find /dir/ -user name Find files owned by name in dir
find /dir/ -mmin num Find files modifed less than num minutes ago in dir
whereis command Find binary / source / manual for command
locate file Find file (quick search of system index)
File Permissions:
chmod 775 file Change mode of file to 775
chmod -R 600 folder Recursively chmod folder to 600
chown user:group file Change file owner to user and group to group
chown owner-user:owner-group file-name Change owner and group owner of the file
chown owner-user:owner-group directory Change owner and group owner of the directory
File Operations:
touch file1 Create file1
cat file1 file2 Concatenate files and output
less file1 View and paginate file1
file file1 Get type of file1
cp file1 file2 Copy file1 to file2
rm file1 Delete file1
head file1 Show first 10 lines of file1
tail file1 Show last 10 lines of file1
tail -F file1 Output last lines of file1 as it changes
ls –al Display all information about files/ directories
more file Output contents of file
wc print the number of bytes, words, and lines in files
xargs Execute command lines from standard input
Hardware:
dmesg Detected hardware and boot messages
cat /proc/cpuinfo CPU model
cat /proc/meminfo Hardware memory
cat /proc/interrupts Lists the number of interrupts per CPU per I/O device
lshw Displays information on hardware configuration of the system
lsblk Displays block device related information in Linux
free -m Used and free memory (-m for MB)
lspci -tv Show PCI devices
lsusb -tv Show USB devices
dmidecode Show hardware info from the BIOS
hdparm -i /dev/sda Show info about disk sda
hdparm -tT /dev/sda Do a read speed test on disk sda
badblocks -s /dev/sda Test for unreadable blocks on disk sda
Network:
ip addr show Display all network interfaces and ip address
ip address add 192.168.0.1 dev eth0 Set ip address
ethtool eth0 Linux tool to show ethernet status
mii-tool eth0 Linux tool to show ethernet status
ping host Send echo request to test connection
whois domain Get who is information for domain
dig domain Get DNS information for domain
dig -x host Reverse lookup host
host google.com Lookup DNS ip address for the name
hostname –i Lookup local ip address
wget file Download file
netstat -tupl Listing all active listening ports
With the above commands your good to go ahead and explore linux.
Have a great time working with Linux! ?
Share us your experiences, Cheers !!
